Limitations

__**Limitations and Criticism of the Theory**__

//Evers and Lakomski//


 * Leadership not helpful in meeting the challenges of the current educational system
 * Transformational models rely too heavily on the transformational skills of the leader
 * Feedback loops should be used to learn from their mistakes
 * School becomes less bureaucratic and becomes its own transforming agent
 * Organization becomes empowered (not select individuals)
 * Other sources of leadership within the school are largely ignored
 * Absence of justification, evidence:
 * Difficulty in discerning the difference between management and leadership tasks
 * Difficulty in discerning the difference between transactional and transformational leadership behaviors

//Gronn//


 * Paternalistic
 * Gender exclusive
 * Exaggerated
 * Aristocratic pretensions and social-class bias
 * Eccentric conception of human agency and causality
 * Lack of empirically documented case examples
 * Narrow methodological base
 * No causal connection between leadership and desired organizational outcomes
 * Unresolved question as to whether leadership is learnable

//Marks & Printy//


 * Few studies that empirically studied transformational leadership and instructional leadership's contribution to student learning
 * More research needed to show how leadership contributes to pedagogical quality

References: Stewart, 2006