Historical+Background


 * __The Evolution of Leadership__**

Leaders characterized as commanding, controlling, authoritarian, unwilling to share power Leadership theories dominated and highly influenced by business and the military || Evidence of systemized approaches to participative decision-making || Burns: Leaders more willing to share power Like a two-sided coin, a leader is either: 1) Power-based: Top-down power structure 2) Empowers:shared power between leaders and followers ||
 * //Beginning 20th Century// || //1940-50s// || //1980s// ||
 * Leadership=Power and authority of the leader

In education:

//Early 1980s// Instructional Leadership: Top-down prescriptive, too much emphasis on prinicipal Focus on accountability and large-scale school reform occurs

//Mid 1980 to 1990s// Transition to empowerment, shared leadership, and organizational learning

Article on leadership in history: []

References: Dambe & Moorad, 2008 Stewart, 2006